Alexander Disease

Brain and Spinal Cord

This neurologic condition affects astrocytes, supportive cells that help protect and nourish nerve cells in the brain. When these cells don’t function properly, normal brain support and signaling are disrupted, leading to neurologic problems.

  • Signs and symptoms

    Puppies are weak to nearly paralyzed. They characteristically display spastic front limbs (known as "swimming puppy syndrome").

    Signs develop in puppies.

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  • Diagnosis

    Genetic testing, clinical signs, laboratory tests, and advanced imaging may all be used to diagnose this disorder.

  • Treatment

    Alexander disease is currently untreatable, with owners typically opting to euthanize weeks to months after symptoms arise.

  • What to do if your dog is at risk

    Actions

    • Talk to your vet about your dog’s Alexander disease result so you can plan ongoing care and monitoring, especially during early development.
    • Watch for early signs such as changes in coordination, weakness, or difficulty walking, and contact your vet if you notice any of these.
    • Keep your dog’s environment calm and consistent. Use rugs or mats to prevent slipping and help them move safely around the home.
    • Provide gentle comfort and enrichment, such as short periods of supervised play or simple food-based activities, to help them stay engaged without overexertion.

  • Genetic Information

    This mutation was first described in the Labrador Retriever.

    This mutation is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that one or two copies of this gene will cause the disorder.

    Gene names:

    GFAP (Exon 4) ‐ chr

    Inheritance type:

    dominant

  • Breeds affected

    This health condition affects the following breeds

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